Alternative investment managers have become increasingly active investors in the aircraft leasing industry as they seek to deploy capital into a growing sector that could provide attractive investment returns.
However, Fitch Ratings notes that the typically fixed-life nature of private equity ownership can increase long-term strategic and financial uncertainty for owned aircraft lessors while the business’s cyclicality and sensitivity to exogenous shocks exposes sponsors to heightened execution risk surrounding investment realisation.
Investing in aircraft leasing is not a new concept for alternative investment managers and, in fact, many of the largest aircraft lessors today were at one time owned by private equity sponsors. AerCap, now the second largest aircraft lessor by managed fleet count, was purchased by Cerberus in 2005 and subsequently went public in 2006, while Avolon, the third largest lessor, was owned and formed by a consortium of sponsors in 2010 before going public in 2014. Recent media reports suggest that multiple Alt-IMs are eyeing GE Capital’s USD41 billion aircraft leasing business, GE Capital Aviation Services.
Still, Fitch believes that current aircraft leasing conditions are notably different than prior periods of elevated Alt-IM investment. Aircraft lessor credit fundamentals are solid, but Fitch is increasingly cautious given the growing prospect of a more challenging operating environment following a decade of low interest rates and largely benign economic conditions. The present environment is characterised by heightened competition pressuring lease yield and terms, and a greater number of lessors, including many not yet proven through a full economic cycle.
Alt-IMs continue to be attracted to aircraft leasing given strong return expectations and market forecasts of continued growth. According to the International Air Transport Association (IATA), revenue passenger kilometres (RPKs) are expected to grow 6 per cent in 2019, which, while down from 8 per cent in 2017 and 7.5 per cent in 2016, remains above the 20-year annual growth rate. Additionally, airlines have increasingly elected to lease, rather than own, aircraft to increase operational and financial flexibility. According to Ascend, the percentage of global aircraft fleet under operating leases increased to 43 per cent of the in-service fleet in 2017 from 20.4 per cent in 1995.
However, investment performance could be challenged in the face of a deteriorating economic backdrop and the pace of Alt-IMs’ new investments could slow until aircraft lessor valuations decline to more attractive levels. For example, in a stress scenario where more recent market aircraft leasing entrants seek to exit the space, private equity sponsors could capitalise on their significant undeployed capital to facilitate industry consolidation.
Alt-IMs have invested in aviation finance assets in a variety of ways. Some view the industry as a longer-term strategic investment and have deployed capital through external management platforms and/or permanent capital vehicles. Apollo Investment Corporation (a business development company externally managed by Apollo Global Management) created Merx Aviation in September 2012. Last year, Carlyle acquired Apollo Aviation Group, which manages closed-end funds with 243 owned, managed or committed aircraft. If executed properly, these investments can provide Alt-IMs with a steadier source of fee income and potentially more flexibility to ride out cycles in the aircraft leasing industry.
